Tag Archives: Four Elements

Elements of the Sefirot

As we continue counting the Omer in these weeks between Pesach and Shavuot, it is worth exploring another facet of the mystical Sefirot: their elements. It is well-known that the Sefirah of Chessed, “kindness”, is associated with water. Chessed represents positivity, generosity, and largesse (it is also called Gedulah). Chessed is flowing and life-giving, like water. On the other side, the Sefirah of Gevurah, “strength”, is always associated with fire. Gevurah represents restraint and severity. It is also commonly called Din, “judgement” and punishment. The burning flames are an appropriate metaphor and symbol.

Balancing the first two Sefirot is the third, Tiferet, literally “beauty”, harmony, or symmetry. Tiferet is the golden middle path. It is all about balance, and that’s where real truth is found, so it is also called Emet. Tiferet corresponds to the next major element, air. The ancient mystical text Sefer Yetzirah (3:3) states that “air balances fire and water” (והאויר מכריע בין האש ובין המים). It is hinting to a great secret of chemistry that no one could have known back then. Water is H2O, composed of the two gases hydrogen and oxygen. Most of the molecular weight of water (about 89%) is oxygen, which makes up about 20% of our air. Fire, meanwhile, requires oxygen to burn, and typically produces H2O as a product in the smoke and steam that emerge into the air. So, air does play a key role in both water and fire, balancing the two opposing forces.

Beneath Tiferet on the tree of Sefirot is Yesod, “foundation”, also referred to as Tzadik to represent true “righteousness”, and being the realm of intimacy and sexual purity. Yesod is “grounded-ness”, too, and fittingly parallels the element of earth. Sometimes, one will find that the Sefirah beneath Yesod, the “feminine” Malkhut, is called “earth” as well. Malkhut is literally “kingdom”, and is sometimes referred to as Shiflut, “lowliness” or humility, which is intrinsically tied to kingship or leadership. The difference elementally is that Yesod is afar, the actual dust of the earth, while Malkhut is aretz, the Earth itself, and its landmasses. The landmasses contain all the elements, including bodies of water and the atmosphere above, as well as the molten lava beneath the crust. It is like Malkhut, which sits at the bottom of the Sefirot and is seen as the receptacle that collects from all of the above.

In Western philosophy, there is a fifth element, the most subtle and sublime, called ether or quintessence. One could parallel Malkhut (commonly associated with the Shekhinah, the “divine presence”) with the ether as well. On the other side of the world, Eastern philosophy has the elements wood and metal instead of earth and ether. Scientifically, the Earth is full of metal. Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust, followed by iron, calcium, and sodium. And beneath the crust is mostly iron and nickel. One can integrate the Eastern system by paralleling earth-like wood with Yesod, and metal with Malkhut.

Indeed, we find that the tzadik (Yesod) is often described as a tree that has deep roots and foundations, as in Psalm 92:13-14 or Avot 3:17. And a kingdom (Malkhut) requires abundant metal both to build itself up and assert its rule. In fact, we find detailed lists of all the metals that the kings of Israel amassed, and even the metals that David specifically left for Solomon (I Chronicles 29:1-2), and in order to build the Temple, including “5,000 talents of gold, 10,000 darics, 10,000 talents of silver, 18,000 talents of copper, 100,000 talents of iron.” (I Chronicles 29:7, for the significance of this, see the class on ‘Torah Chemistry’.) Keep in mind, too, that Malkhut represents the “vessel” or “receptacle”, which we typically make from metals.

Electromagnetism

So where does that put the remaining two “twin” Sefirot of Netzach and Hod? One is unlikely to find ancient texts that parallel these mysterious Sefirot to any elements. However, a careful reading of the available texts can point to the hidden answer. (I have discussed it briefly in the past, in ‘Secrets of the Menorah Psalm’ in Garments of Light, Volume One, and more fully last year in the class on ‘Kabbalah of the Omer’.) There are two more “twin” forces in nature that can be grouped together with the primordial elements: electricity and light. Both are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, and their energies travel nearly 300,000 kilometres per second. Netzach and Hod are considered the roots of prophecy, so it is fitting to parallel them to electricity and light, through which we see and receive visions. Our eyes pick up light photons and convert them to electrical signals sent to the brain for processing.

More specifically, Netzach means “eternity” or “victory”, and represents perseverance, diligence, and faith. It lies under Chessed (which is water), and is an extension of it. Interestingly, today the vast majority of our electricity is generated using water at some point in the process, either in hydro plants and hydroelectric dams where flowing water directly spins a turbine; or in coal, oil, gas, and nuclear power plants that boil water into steam to spin a turbine. Fuel cells, meanwhile, combine hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity, and water comes out as the byproduct. There is an intrinsic link between water and electricity, just as there is between Chessed and Netzach. Furthermore, Netzach represents the ascent towards the Eternal One, and electrical chashmal energy is precisely what God’s “Chariots” are described as using to ascend to the Heavens and traverse the cosmos (as explored in the past here).

On the other side, Hod means “glory” and “gratitude”, and is also referred to as majesty, grace, and acknowledgement. A person with good Hod energy is said to exude a light and a glow. The splendour of Hod is also associated with the Torah’s deeper mysteries, secrets of light. There is a beautiful gematria here where the word for “secret” (רז) has a value of 207, equal to the word for “light” (אור)! And this is why the holiday that celebrates Jewish mysticism and the hidden light of the Torah, Lag b’Omer, is specifically on the 33rd day of the Omer, the Sefirah of which is Hod sh’b’Hod—splendour of splendour, light within light. We kindle bonfires to bring out more light into the world. Hod lies under Gevurah and is an extension of it (like Netzach and Chessed), so fittingly the light of Hod emerges out of the fires of Gevurah.

We can think of these elements as we focus on personal development during the Sefirat haOmer period. A Chessed person is kind and flowing. A Gevurah person is tough and stoic. A Tiferet person is spirited, creative, and social. A Netzach person is “electric”, diligent, and ambitious. A Hod person is “magnetic”, graceful and charming, with a warm glow. A Yesod person is righteous and grounded. A Malkhut person is humble, ethereal, and regal. With these elements and qualities in mind, we can hopefully make our Sefirat haOmer more meaningful. To summarize:

Happy Yom ha’Atzmaut!

Learning Resources for Yom ha’Atzmaut:
The Kabbalah of Yom ha’Atzmaut
Hidden History of Zionism (Video)
Spiritual Tools for Israel’s Military Might
The Four Holy Cities (Video)
Zionism Before Zionism

The Science & Kabbalah of Salt

Salt emerging from the Dead Sea

This week we begin reading the third book of the Torah, Vayikra, or “Leviticus”, which is primarily concerned with priestly laws and sacrificial rituals. We are commanded that “You shall season your offerings of grain with salt; you shall not omit from your grain offering the salt of your covenant with God; with all your offerings you must offer salt.” (Leviticus 2:13) As is well-known, the sprinkling of salt was an absolute necessity for the offerings brought in the Tabernacle and Temple. Incredibly, the Talmud (Menachot 20a-b) says that even if a person brought a wood offering, the wood had to be sprinkled with salt! The minimum wood offering was two blocks of wood, and some say a handful was chopped off and diced up to be burned upon the altar. Others taught that wood offerings do not require salting, just like wine libations didn’t require it, nor did incense offerings. That said, we know that melach sdomit, “Sodomite salt”, was added to the Ketoret incense as one of the additional ingredients. The big question is: why is salt so important?

In ancient times, salt was an incredibly valuable commodity. It had a wide range of uses, not only for flavouring food, but more importantly for preserving food (in an era without refrigeration), as a cleaning agent and an antimicrobial agent, as a weapon of war (to “salt” the earth of the enemy), and even as a form of payment. In fact, the root of the word salary is the Latin sal, meaning “salt”! Same is true for the root of soldier, from sal dare in Latin meaning to “give salt”, since soldiers were paid in salt. (Wrote a lot more about the fascinating history of salt, including Sodomite salt, in Secrets of the Last Waters.) Agreements and covenants were sealed with salt, which we find throughout the Tanakh. In commenting on the above verse in Leviticus, the Ramban (Rabbi Moshe ben Nachman, 1194-1270) points out that Hashem even forged a “salt covenant”, brit melach, with King David* to establish his eternal dynasty (as it says in II Chronicles 13:5). Similarly, the Temple offerings all had to be brought with salt to affirm that we have a binding and eternal “salt covenant” with God. Continue reading →

Kabbalah of the Omer

What is the deeper significance behind the 49 days between Passover and Shavuot? Why do we count the days, and what is their mystical connection to the Sefirot? Also, where did “mourning” during Sefirat haOmer really originate, and what is the proper way to approach these customs? Find out in this eye-opening class as we dive into Sefirat haOmer and explore what it takes to become a complete, refined human. Plus, the primordial elements associated with the Sefirot, and a Kabbalistic look at Yom ha’Atzmaut, Yom Yerushalayim, and Yom haShoah.